1KHz Sine wave Generator

Simple circuitry, low distortion, battery operated
Variable, low impedance output up to 1V R

Circuit description:

This circuit generates a good 1KHz sinewave adopting the inverted Wien bridge configuration (C1-R3 & C2-R4). It features a variable output, low distortion and low output impedance in order to obtain good overload capability. A small filament bulb ensures a stable long term output amplitude waveform. Useful to test the Precision Audio Millivoltmeter, Three-Level Audio Power Indicator and other audio circuits posted to this website.


Parts:

• R1____________5K6 1/4W Resistor
• R2____________1K8 1/4W Resistor
• R3,R4________15K 1/4W Resistors
• R5__________500R 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
• R6__________330R 1/4W Resistor
• R7__________470R Linear Potentiometer
• C1,C2________10nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
• C3__________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
• C4__________470nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
• Q1,Q2_______BC238 25V 100mA NPN Transistors
• LP1___________12V 40mA Filament Lamp Bulb (See Notes)
• J1__________Phono chassis Socket
• SW1__________SPST Slider Switch
• B1_____________9V PP3
• Clip for 9V PP3 Battery

Notes:

• The bulb must be a low current type (12V 40-50mA or 6V 50mA) in order to obtain good long term stability and low distortion.
• Distortion @ 1V RMS output is 0.15% using a 12V 40mA bulb, raising to 0.5% with a 12V 100mA one.
• Using a bulb differing from specifications may require a change of R6 value to 220 or 150 Ohms to ensure proper circuit's oscillation.
• Set R5 to read 1V RMS on an Audio Millivoltmeter connected to the output with R7 rotated fully clockwise, or to view a sinewave of 2.828V Peak-to-Peak amplitude on the oscilloscope.
• With C1, C2 = 100nF the frequency generated is 100Hz and with C1, C2 = 1nF frequency is 10KHz but R5 requires adjustment.
• High gain transistors are preferred for better performance.

Self-powered Sine to Square wave Converter

Converts sine to square waves without a power-source
Useful as a test instrument for audio purposes

This circuit is intended to provide good square waves converting a sine wave picked-up from an existing generator. Its main feature consists in the fact that no power-source is needed: thus it can be simply connected between a sine wave generator and the device under test.

The input sine wave feeds a voltage doubler formed by C1, C2, D1 & D2 that powers the IC. IC1A amplifies the input sine wave, other inverters included in IC1 squaring the signal and delivering an output square wave of equal mark/space ratio and good rise and fall times through the entire 20Hz-20KHz range.


Parts:

• R1_____________1M 1/4W Resistor
• R2___________100K Linear Potentiometer
• C1,C2________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
• C3____________10nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
• D1,D2_______1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
• IC1___________4069 Hex Inverter IC

Notes:

• Best performances are obtained with an input sine wave amplitude from 1V RMS onwards.
• Output square wave amplitude is proportional to input amplitude.
• Minimum sine wave input amplitude needed for good performance: 750mV RMS.
• Output square wave amplitude with 1V RMS input: 3V peak to peak, with R2 set at max.
• Minimum output square wave amplitude: 2V peak to peak, with R2 set at max.
• Substituting the two silicon diodes with germanium types (e.g. AA118, AA119), the minimum input threshold can be lowered.